Green Economy Vulnerable to Rare Earth Minerals Shortages - UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) - January 2011
![Thumbnail](/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/8824/GreenEconomyVulnerabletoRareEarthMineralsShortages.pdf.jpg?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)
Date
2011Author
United Nations Environment Programme
Citation Tool
Bibliographic Managers
RT Generic T1 Green Economy Vulnerable to Rare Earth Minerals Shortages - UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) - January 2011 A1 United Nations Environment Programme YR 2011 LK http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/8824 PB AB TY - GEN T1 - Green Economy Vulnerable to Rare Earth Minerals Shortages - UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) - January 2011 AU - United Nations Environment Programme Y1 - 2011 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/8824 PB - AB - @misc{20.500.11822_8824 author = {United Nations Environment Programme}, title = {Green Economy Vulnerable to Rare Earth Minerals Shortages - UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) - January 2011}, year = {2011}, abstract = {}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/8824} } @misc{20.500.11822_8824 author = {United Nations Environment Programme}, title = {Green Economy Vulnerable to Rare Earth Minerals Shortages - UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) - January 2011}, year = {2011}, abstract = {}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/8824} } TY - GEN T1 - Green Economy Vulnerable to Rare Earth Minerals Shortages - UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) - January 2011 AU - United Nations Environment Programme UR - http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/8824 PB - AB -Metadata
Show full item recordDescription
Rare earth elements (REE) include the 17 elements on the periodic table of chemical elements. Industrial demand for these elements is small in terms of volume but they are essential for a wide and growing array of green technology and security uses. REEs are important parts of defense technologies such as radar and sonar systems precision-guided weapons cruise missiles and lasers for example. They are also especially critical for the expanding energy efficiency and renewable energy industries. Lanthanum for example is used in batteries for hybrid cars. Other REEs are used in magnets for electric generators in wind turbines and in coloured phosphors for energy-efficient lighting (Long and others 2010). Today clean energy technologies account for about 20 per cent of global REE consumption but as the demand for them increases their share of critical rare earth minerals is likely to grow (US DoE 2010).
Collections
View/Open
Statistics
View per month
Top countries
Download
Document Viewer
To read more, scroll down below.
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Mineral Resource Governance in the 21st Century: Gearing Extractive Industries Towards Sustainable Development - Summary for Policymakers and Business Leaders
United Nations Environment Programme; International Resource Panel (2019)This report discusses practical actions to improve the international governance architecture for mining to enhance its contribution towards sustainable development. The proposals include reaching an international consensus ... -
Call for Strengthened Governance to Improve the Social and Environmental Outcomes of Mining
United Nations Environment Programme; International Resource Panel (2019) -
Mineral Resource Governance in the 21st Century: Gearing Extractive Industries towards Sustainable Development
United Nations Environment Programme; International Resource Panel (2020)The report calls for moving beyond the established paradigm of the ‘Social License to Operate’, towards a new governance reference point that enables public, private and other relevant actors in the extractive sector to ...